Reason Of Adopting Interpretivism Approach Psychology Essay

Reason Of Adopting Interpretivism Approach Psychology Essay Cooper and Emory 1995 cited Saunders, 2007 defines research as to provide information systems to solve the problem query. Research methods, will help to achieve research objectives, is also very important to explore the ways of solving the research problem. Saunders, etc., (2007) referred that research method is a process of directing how the theory should be taken. Here, mostly observation and questionnaire survey and interviews, are used in related to the statistical and non statistical analysis. When the definition emphasizes the systems approach of research (Cooper and Emory University, 1995, cited Saunders, etc., 2007) suggested that the research study is based on a rational manner with the overall flow of logic and not just researcher belief. The collected data can help researchers to obtain answers to research questions. Organization of Research Methodology is given below: Research Philosophy Research Approach -Research Method Research strategy Research Sample Research Ethics Figure: Research Process the Onion Metaphor: Saunders et al (2007) p101 In this research study, among three philosophies such as: positivism, interpretivism and realism, the researcher will use the interpretivism philosophy. In this dissertation, there is utilized the inductive approach. In relation to this research study, there will be used the qualitative method of research. Both of primary and secondary data collection method will be used in this research. Here, for conducting this research, the researcher used the questionnaire and sent a set of questionnaire via email to the HR manager of the Radisson hotel. 3.2 Research Philosophy There is needed to contain the clear idea about the philosophy of research study for the purpose of achieving the objectives of this dissertation. Saunders refers that significant assumptions are contained by the philosophy of research which described about the way of viewing the world by the researcher and these assumptions can be used for the purpose of underpinning the strategy of research (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 110). Schutt 2006 cited in Saunders, 2007 mention that if the researcher investigates the social world it is possible that researcher own assumptions also shaped the investigation that how the business world can be the best examine that is the research philosophy. This sometimes refers that the way how researcher views the world. Saunders et al (2007) also argue that before investigating the questions your research raise, it is important to clarify your philosophy you adopt (Schutt 2006 cited in Saunders et al., 2007 ) mention five philosophy of social world positivism, post positivism, inter subjective agreement, Interpretive and constructivism. Although Saunders et al (2007) categorized these into three main philosophies, positivism, Interpretive and realism. By investigating, one can get significant information about customer relationship management (CRM) and its related software, and how it can work in the organization, if one considers the global hotel business, such as Hilton, IBIS, Holiday Inn, Travelodge etc which are the orders of limit their consumer life period . Here the above mentioned research philosophies are discussed in detail below: Positivism: Positivism can be termed as the natural scientists philosophical stance (Saunders et al., 2009, p.113). it is also referred as the methodology which is structured highly due to which it is possible to replicate and there can be created the law like generalizations results. In relation to the law like generalizations, it has been meant by the author that the researcher conducts the research study with same topic where same conclusion can be occurred. Interpretivism: Epistemology is referred by the interpretivism philosophy which indicates that the researcher should know about the differences among human in terms of their roles as the social actors (Saunders et al., 2009, p.116). this philosophy of research has the main conception of interpreting the human social roles by the researcher in relation to the set of meaning of the research study. In addition, two traditions such as: phenomenology and symbolic interactionism is the main source of interpetivism. Phenomenology can be defined as the way of making sense among human throughout the world. symbolic interactionism refers that the human involves the continual process by which social world is interpreted surrounded people where the researcher interpreted other peoples action with whom the researcher interacted and it can be focused towards the adjustment with our own meaning and actions. Moreover, it has been stated by Saunders (2009) that signifcance of interpretivistic philosophy focused towa rds research willingness for adopting the empathetic stance. One challenge is existed that which is entering to the social world in relation to the subject of research and understandng about the research world from the research perspective. At the end, Smith (2002) concludes that the situation of business is not only complex but also appeared as the unique. They contains the function of the specifc set of circumstances and also individuals. In this research study, interpretivism philosophy will be applied by the researcher. Realism: Realism refers to the reality, the meaning of which is indicated towards the sense of showing the truthness of reality: an existence independent of the human mind is having by the objects (Ester-smith, 2004). In addition realism can be divided into two division such as: direct realism and critical realism. Direct realism refers that you get those things what are seen by you, from this perspective the world is portrayed by our experiences achieving through sense. It has been argued by the critical realists that our experience is the sensatios. Reason of Adopting Interpretivism Approach: An interpretivism approach will be followed by this study. For this research study, it is appropriate because a phenomenon such as: specific issue about CRM is explained by the researcher on the basis of the already established research and literature. Moreover, qualitative research is used on this research study which is related with the interpetivism approach. 3.3 Research Approach: In accordance with Saunders (2009), two general ways are there to approach the problem of research for example: deductive and inductive approach. Now, the details of these two approaches are discussed below: Deductive Approach: The deductive approach can be relied towards the thinking by logical way and theory is used there for drawing the conclusion. On the other hand, deductive approach indicates that the main source of conducting research study is using theories which are already establishied and also using model by using which there are develloped the proposition and after that there are tested the proposition by empirical studies. There is used the deductive approach while a theory is developed and also developed hypothesis on the basis of already established facts and theories at the specific field, because of which a research strategy is designed by the researcher and also a theoretical proposition is tested through the researcher. Inductive Approach: In inductive approach, empirical study is the main orgin of conducting research study and existing theories are used for conducting these empirical studies. The main starting point of inductive approach is the data collection and the formulation of theory from the results. Nevertheless, in case quantitative studies, inductive approach can be used. On the other hand, there has the main difference among the deductive and inductive approach which is that deductive approach first use a theory and then practice it and inductive approach first collect the data and then formulate the theory that mean practice to theory. Reasons for Using Inductive Approach: In this dissertation, there is utilized the inductive approach because the inductive approach involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those observations, and then theorizing about those patterns and the deductive approach involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. In case of this research study, collected data will be analyzed through empirical observation and applying these observation for establishing theories of CRM. 3.4 Research Method: The method of research can be classified into two types such as: qualitative and quantitative method. Both of these methods are described below: Qualitative research: It is possible to find out the reason or purpose for making research study through the qualitative research where there is not used the method in relation to the unstructured information that can be conducted by the analysis on the time of research course. Various ways are there by which there can be conducted the qualitative research. Such as: feedback norms, videos, emails and the interview transcripts. In the qualitative research, there is included the basic feature of theoretical concept where this type of research study is not related with the statistics and number in terms of the domain of the qualitative research. It can be defined as the enquiry method by which there are dealing the academic things disciplines by explaining the social sciences in the research market field and along with other context (Bryman 2008). The main purpose to conduct the research of qualitative and along with using this research form study through the researcher is getting knowledge on the human beha vior and different issue that can be occurred in terms of the human behavior nature. there can be also investigated the motives and purposes by this research study which can be applied in order to making decision while it cant be connected with the incidental values. In hence, qualitative research has the smaller context but for the purpose of doing this kind of research study, greater focus value should be given by the researcher or larger sampling should be adopted by him or her. There can be produced the information through applying this research method and in order to drawing the general conclusion, hypothesis should be made by the researcher in case of the research study and after that quantitative method is used by the researcher to test the hypothesis validity. Quantitative research: In order to gathering information and data, there can be used the quantitative method of research study. This kind of research method is mainly depended on the numerical data or statistical data and it is possible to measure this form of data easily. In this research method, there are used some research techniques such as: Graphs, tables and statistics by which there can be interpreted the gathered data and information by the researcher in the research study and it is considered as the major difference among the qualitative and quantitative research. In order to making scientific research, both techniques of research for example: qualitative and quantitative or either qualitative or quantitative can be used and biology, physics are the example of scientific research. There are existed the controversies on the using of both of these methods in research study and along with there is also consisted of the ideology in the research techniques forms in case of some certain fields for example: psychology, social anthropology and sociology. Each researcher has the different way of thinking due to which various forms of research methods are used by several researchers. In case of certain matters, there can be produced the information through applying this kind of research study and in order to making the genera l conclusion, hypothesis should be made by the researcher in terms of research study and then quantitative method can be used by the researcher to test the hypothesis validity. Reasons for Using Qualitative Method: In relation to this research study, there will be used the qualitative method of research because of some reasons. This research study is mainly theoretical based where at first theory is formulated and after that the theory is established by analysing collected data. There will not be used any kinds of numerical data or statistics but for interpreting qualitative data, graphs and charts are used by the researcher. 3.5 Research Type: Generally, every one seeks information in different ways. Researchers are also trying to use logical approach to search. Another way, the system can be determined the exact sciences and appropriate topics in any information of search. This is the main point of the survey is to identify, understand the establishment plan, we will try to follow the amount of information owned a large sort of subjects can communicate. In addition, the technology is not a prerequisite to any study; we can use it whenever we need. Survey methodology, we can be divided into different groups: Social Research : Here, the researcher used the social research. For this type of survey research, we follow the theory of scientific information and to disclose more details of the relevant the environment and its past history. In addition, the classification can be divided into academics and non academics, or to maintain the type of application structure or process. The Procedures are as follows: (Ravarini, A., 2002) Types of Research: The purpose of the research process is mainly aimed to create new knowledge .The research in the process have three types. These three types of study are: to explore research and constructive research and empirical studies in the final. Here empirical studies will be conducted by the researcher because numerical terms will be used to interpret and analyze the collected data. 3.6 Data collection Method Primary research: In case of primary research methods, data is not engaged in obtaining from the current literature. It can be gathered by the field research. In particular, the use of primary information is related with the investigating and conducting interview. Main equipments to perform the research are described below: 3.6.1 Face to face interviews: In the face to face interview, interviewer can give answer straightforwardly to the question of the researcher, which usually involves maintaining the sequence of question. There may be short answer questions. In most cases, the answer is incomplete, or the like yes or no. 3.6.2 On-line survey: Online survey is considered as the most commonly used survey which is conducted through the internet. This can be conducted via email by sending questionnaire. 3.6.3 Telephone interview: This is equivalent to other interviews; the questions that asked are almost same for interviewees, and often short. 3.6.4 Questionnaire: Some of the questionnaires are distributed via online such as using: email. Here, for conducting this research, the researcher used the questionnaire and sent a set of questionnaire via email to the HR manager of the Radisson hotel. In this research study, for collecting data face to face interview, online survey and telephone interview will not be used. 3.7 Secondary research : In case of secondary research, information is used for conducting research studies that have been already used, and this information is already available in the literature which can be gathering through other researchers. Secondary research is considered as the data collection methods. This form of study is considered the most significant research because it is used for comparison and analysis. This type of source of research data can be printed resources, examples are: journals, newspapers, Trade magazines, books, electronic, along with the source such as: software package, or on-line service. It is very much needed to take care about that the original source can get credit when secondary sources are used by the researcher (WL Newman (1991). 3.8 Time Horizon: For every research types, the frame of time is considered as the most significant for majority of the researcher. Hence, there is needed for understanding that the research refers to something where time is needed and it will not be the same time period for one research type as comparison other type of research. Two types of studies have been identified by the Saunders (2009) such as: cross sectional studies and longitudinal studies. It has been meant by the cross sectional studies that the study conducted on the certain phenomenon or phenomena in a specific period of time. It is common to use these types of studies in research project where a time constraint is there and there is designed the research with the snapshot forms. In case of longitudinal studies, opportunity is having by the researcher for the purpose of investigating if any changes or developments are there for a specific period of time. In comparison with the cross sectional studies, a phenomenon about various occasions are studied by the longitudinal studies; after that there is designed the research with the form of diary. In this study, there is used the cross sectional approach with the time constraint and the study about the specific phenomenon in a specific period of time. 3.9 Sampling: After conducting the interview through the researcher, there is conducted a survey for the purpose of finding out customer relationship management (CRM) strategy allows the organization for achieving the competitive advantage with the retention of customer by meeting the customers demand. Because of time limitation, 50 peoples are taken by the researcher as a sample size from the perspective of the analysis of data and finding easily. Managers of the hotels are the respondents who participated on the survey. 3.10 Ethics: In order to conducting the research study, there should be maintained some ethical issues by the researcher. Such as: information disclosed and security concern. Not all companies share their private information to other persons due to privacy. Along with this, some respondents dont want to disclose their feedbacks due to security reasons. On that case, the researcher should have to confirm the respondents their opinion will not be provided to any third parties. In addition, the researcher should handle all the respondents without any biasness so that all respondents feel free to give their feedback without any hesitation. 4.00 Design of the Research Questionnaire: Question 1: How CRM can be defined from the perspective of the hotel business? Question 2: How CRM contributes to gain competitive advantage by the hotel business? Question 3: Is your organization considered CRM as a strategy of business? Question 4: What is the relationship between customer and the strategy of CRM? Question 5: How the strategy of CRM of the hotel business can be differed with each other? Question 6: What is the contribution of CRM strategy in the customer retention and satisfaction in the company? Question 7: Through which way customer conflicts can be handled by the company?

Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma

http://accrualperspective. wordpress. com/2012/10/10/zyngas-revenue-recognition-dilemma/ Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Leave a reply Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Zynga has been the focus of a highly disputed topic on bookings and revenues as of late. Unfortunately for the online gaming company, many accountants and financial analysts are not in Zynga’s favor on the way that the company has been recognizing revenues. To put the company in perspective, there are 26 million digital farmers via the vastly rampant FarmVille application run by Zynga.In the popular game, Facebook users build farms to produce crops and create the kind of productivity that they desire. This creates the need for virtual, heavy equipment, such as tractors, seeders and harvesters, all which can be bought with FarmVille Currency. Zynga makes money by allowing users to hurry the process by converting real dollars from their credit cards into the virtual currency necessary to get t he equipment they need to get the job done. Like FarmVille, Zynga has users across a variety of applications such as CityVille, Words with Friends, and Mafia Wars, all of which using the same models.This type of unique revenue however provokes a unique question; that is, how is Zynga supposed to report revenues from these products that they’ve offered? According to the company’s 10-k report, it’s policies on reporting states that: * â€Å"For the sale of consumable virtual goods, we recognize revenue as the goods are consumed† * â€Å"We recognize revenue from the sale of durable virtual goods ratably over the estimated average playing period of paying players for the applicable game, which represents our best estimate of the average life of our durable virtual goods† And perhaps the most important: â€Å"If we do not have the ability to differentiate revenue attributable to durable virtual goods from consumable virtual goods for a specific game, we recognize revenue from the sale of durable and consumable virtual goods for that game ratably over the estimated average period that paying players typically play our games† This type of financial reporting is simply too confusing and leaves the door open for too much alteration within the reports. Also, this type of unpredictable reporting technique allows the company to skew bottom-line profits and maneuver their earnings to reflect an untrue valuation of the company’s worth.These types of manipulations are especially alarming to users of the financials who are looking to invest in a company that appears to be growing, when in reality it is altering production numbers with every consecutive quarter. In regards to the revenue recognition dispute, the way their accountants estimate average periods that paying players actually play the Zynga games must be validated. In a recent article by Bloomberg’s Cory Johnson, he notes that Zynga has made changes to these e stimates five of the last six quarters. These changes made drastically effect the net profits that Zynga is reporting to the public.By taking the estimate and distorting it, they are able to report profits when indeed there are none. It is curious that the auditor assigned to Zynga, Ernst & Young, has allowed this method of accounting to be implemented when clearly it is affecting the bottom line. It is also curious that E&Y is also the auditor for the Zynga’s distributor, Facebook whose Zynga profits have accounted for roughly 12% of its revenue. This â€Å"independence† (or lack there of) calls into question the true authenticity behind these reporting standards and what they mean to the accounting profession as well as financial statement users world-wide.At any rate, this is a topic that needs to be brought to light, discussed and ruled upon. Zynga cannot merely go on reporting as they wish to provoke the appearance of a success while the true profits and losses go unnoticed. http://blogs. smeal. psu. edu/grumpyoldaccountants/archives/746#more-746 http://articles. businessinsider. com/2011-10-12/research/30269486_1_zynga-virtual-goods-bookings http://www. forbes. com/sites/francinemckenna/2012/04/23/how-zynga-facebook-and-groupons-go-to-auditor-rewrites-accounting-rules/

Secret Techniques for Essay Topics for Teenager That Only the Pros Know

Secret Techniques for Essay Topics for Teenager That Only the Pros Know Essay Topics for Teenager: No Longer a Mystery You expect your kid to obey you with regard to choosing career, subjects, school or college. A great deal of students went for institution have never were made to deal with long targets. As a rule, they hesitate which topic to pick the one that tutor proposed or choose by yourself. In high school honors classes, they will have a book and binder for every class. Though cellphones are essential for high school students in conditions of their safety, they ought to nevertheless be prohibited from use during classes. Children do not understand how common cyber identity theft on Facebook is should you provide too many personal facts about yourself. Cyber bullying is actually not any different than traditional bullying. It is one of the most common forms of bullying. Excellent excellent examples have a tendency to be maximizing around way crashes along with thieves. Technology is part of our future and we have to embrace it and make the most of its complete potential. Social networking is the main reason for lots of the world's problems and solutions. Avoiding social media can be extremely tough. Essay Topics for Teenager Secrets Because teens are social and more inclined to be influenced by peers, they are more vulnerable to influences of social networking. What's true about virtually all of teenagers is that it's a time of self-discov ery and maturity. When a teenager requires a car the teen needs to have a duty to look after the vehicle, and respect other drivers. Not every teenager is exactly the same! The degree of drug abuse in america has increased a lot hence resulting in the creation of whether some drugs ought to be legalized in the nation or not. To greatly increase child safety online, you have to decrease the possibility of online stalking. As a consequence, it can be argued out that drug abuse causes damage to human beings and ought to be avoided at all cost regardless of the fact some individuals still believe that drug abuse is harmless. Furthermore, drug abuse is harmful as it promotes the spreading of damaging diseases through drugs that must be injected directly within the body. The Hidden Truth About Essay Topics for Teenager Vast majority of them are also alienated from their parents and family members and don't get adequate parental advice and attention because they are either away in school or busy browsing the world wide web. Social networking encourages the false images of how everything ought to be in an ideal world. They has caused the mental health o f young people to deteriorate. They should be an entertaining thing for all people to be able to play games, and connect with distant friends and family. One of the primary positive points about teenagers utilizing the web is the abundance of knowledge readily available to them, to which people of the previous generations didn't have access. Via the internet, forums can be obtained and through forums, individuals are in a position to trade information and share opinions with one another. The accessibility onto websites like twitter, facebook, and instagram shouldn't be so effortless. With virtual relationships and friendships given more relevance over the actual ones, it's high time that we regulate the degree of internet exposure supplied to our children. You may visit our site if you're attempting to locate a finest paper crafting assistance and want to make sure your essays will likely be put together based upon the needs you've got and due dates. Our essay penning service is surely tailor-made to ensure you in shape a person's budget. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to get any sort of essay help you're lo oking for. You must think carefully about the variety of vocabulary. Avoiding the aforementioned collection of common pitfalls for your essays should make certain you receive far better marks. Essay authoring is the most likely the main specialized. Writing an essay is a great means of developing your communication and research abilities. The last couple of sentences in your essay are astoundingly important. It should have a logical conclusion. Finding the correct articlesto support your persuasive essay is a little more challenging. Drug abuse has unfortunately come to be a social norm and the cycle should be put to a conclusion. Social anxiety can put kids and teens in fear of the actual Earth, and lead them to develop into socially-isolated. A study performed by the National Alliance of Mental Illness in 2011 proved that individuals who feel socially-isolated are at heightened risk of suicide. Mental wellbeing, such as anxiety, is a significant issue that appears to be dwelling in the shadows of more physical health issues.

Spirituality Religion in August Wilsons Fences

Fen Spirituality amp; Religion | In August Wilson’s â€Å"Fences† | | Mia Savage ENG 102 Essay #3 | 11/11/2011 | Introduction: â€Å"Fences† is one of ten plays written by August Wilson that document historic periods in Black American life. It is a colorful and thoughtfully written piece that tells the story of one family’s struggle in Civil Rights Era America, an empowering and complicated time for lower and middle class blacks struggling to attain an ideal of the â€Å"American Dream†. Troy and Rose Maxon’s family deal with complex external challenges, such as economic shifts in industry and working classes that shape the financial status, evidenced by Troy’s successful quest for promotion and increased responsibility at his†¦show more content†¦Wilson stepped outside of biblical Christianity as the standard by inclusion of this as the final scene, making a statement regarding the moral dilemmas of Blacks in a time of revolutionary change, in a time where â€Å"by any means necessary† was the rhetoric of leadership and progress. Generally, e thnic displays like Gabriel’s rhythmic dance were not socially acceptable, or given a public platform before the resulting shift in Afrocentric arts and literature. Here, Gabriel’s dance can be seen as moving and transcendent, whereas pre-Civil Rights, it could have been possibly perceived as a silly hoodoo gesture that non-Black audiences could not connect or relate to. Troy had left behind him resentment, anguish and unresolved family issues upon his passing, and boasted a cavalier attitude about reckoning during his life. Yet, when Cory and his estranged sister Raynell sing in unison a song composed by the father in his hard-luck times (p.1352) that reflects a â€Å"we shall overcome† ideology, Cory ultimately changes his mind, swallows his resentment and decides to participate in honoring by attending his funeral. Unity in the face of adversity is a common idea in religions universally, which gives way to reverence that deathShow MoreRelated Religion in Aug ust Wilsons Fences Essay examples814 Words   |  4 PagesIn August Wilsons play, Fences, the character, Troy Maxson, is by no definition a religious man. He has created his own religion through his own philosophies, especially baseball. Sandra G. Shannons critical analysis, The Good Christians Come and Gone: The Shifting Role of Christianity in August Wilson Plays, gives analogies for the way Troy deals with his own spirituality. It is agreeable that Troy, like other Wilson characters, deals with religion in his own way. Shannon asserts

Essay on Choices in the Epic of Gilgamesh - 1308 Words

Choices: The Journey of Life The story of Gilgamesh expresses the idea that all of the life choices we make throughout this journey are ours and ours alone. It is through these choices that determines how we live our lives from day-to-day. It is within the beginning of this story that one is introduced to the life choices of Gilgamesh. He is the King of Uruk-a ruler full of vanity, selfishness, and materialism. His arrogance has no bounds by day or night. Every choice that he makes is based upon himself and his desires alone. Gilgamesh leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble. He makes his choices without a conscience or care. What he wants is what he gets. For he is the perfect man,†¦show more content†¦But, as mentioned earlier, Gilgamesh does not realize this mental, spiritual opportunity. For as Enkidu meets Gilgamesh at the gate, he puts out his foot, preventing Gilgamesh from entering the bride’s house. This immediately causes an intense rage within Gilgamesh and a brutal battle between the two begins! This is a battle for Gilgamesh’s well-being†¦for his chance to â€Å"wake-up† and see that the choices, and thus, the life that he had been living was not genuine. It was not a life of humility, truth, and love. But, rather, it was a life full of clouded desires and materialism. It was a resultant life of selfish choices. These selfish choices are taken out physically during his battle with Enkidu. Each punch, each blow serves as his subconscious release. The build-up and matting of so many material desires†¦of so many selfish choices were finally given the opportunity to escape Gilgamesh’s entire being. At last, with a â€Å"bend of the knee, a foot planted on the ground and a turn, Enkidu is thrown. Then immediately Gilgamesh’s fury dies.† The death of his fury also brings about the brief death of his selfish ways. He is connected in a profound, rare way with Enkidu. Gilgamesh â€Å"embraces their friendship; it is sealed.† He tastes†¦he sees†¦he feels a sense of what it is to live with love. He makes a conscious choice to embrace Enkidu as a close friend and counselor within this world. As Gilgamesh and Enkidu grow even closer, theyShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Odysseus1497 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter Gilgamesh from The Epic of Gilgamesh and Odysseus from The Odyssey by Homer can be compared by their similar journeys and differing heroic qualities. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through careful research and reasoning, Odysseus and Gilgamesh can be seen as both similar and differing characters because of their choices and changes throughout their journeys. INTRODUCTION Gilgamesh, the famous hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh and Odysseus from The Odyssey are found to be similar. Some say that The Epic of GilgameshRead MoreFate Vs Fate Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdestiny. 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In comparison, both The Epic of Gilgamesh and Braveheart share the sameRead More Lessons Learned From the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian epic poem with no known author, is the story of the brute King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, who was two-thirds divine and one-third human, which teaches readers the unstoppable force of death, the wrath of the gods, and also the power of friendship, which are illustrated to readers through the characters journeys, and those encountered along the way. The poem, which is divided into twelve tablets, starts off with Gilgamesh being a vicious tyrant, one who â€Å"would

The Twilight Saga 4 Breaking Dawn 9. Sure As Hell Didn’t See That One Coming Free Essays

9. Sure As Hell Didn’t See That One Coming I didn’t really plan to say goodbye to my father. After all, one quick call to Sam and the game would be up. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 9. Sure As Hell Didn’t See That One Coming or any similar topic only for you Order Now They’d cut me off and push me back. Probably try to make me angry, or even hurt me – somehow force me to phase so that Sam could lay down a new law. But Billy was expecting me, knowing I’d be in some kind of state. He was in the yard, just sitting there in his wheelchair with his eyes right on the spot where I came through the trees. I saw him judge my direction – headed straight past the house to my homemade garage. â€Å"Got a minute, Jake?† I skidded to a stop. I looked at him and then toward the garage. â€Å"C’mon kid. At least help me inside.† I gritted my teeth but decided that he’d be more likely to cause trouble with Sam if I didn’t lie to him for a few minutes. â€Å"Since when do you need help, old man?† He laughed his rumbling laugh. â€Å"My arms are tired. I pushed myself all the way here from Sue’s.† â€Å"It’s downhill. You coasted the whole way.† I rolled his chair up the little ramp I’d made for him and into the living room. â€Å"Caught me. Think I got up to about thirty miles per hour. It was great.† â€Å"You’re gonna wreck that chair, you know. And then you’ll be dragging yourself around by your elbows.† â€Å"Not a chance. It’ll be your job to carry me.† â€Å"You won’t be going many places.† Billy put his hands on the wheels and steered himself to the fridge. â€Å"Any food left?† â€Å"You got me. Paul was here all day, though, so probably not.† Billy sighed. â€Å"Have to start hiding the groceries if we’re gonna avoid starvation.† â€Å"Tell Rachel to go stay at his place.† Billy’s joking tone vanished, and his eyes got soft. â€Å"We’ve only had her home a few weeks. First time she’s been here in a long time. It’s hard – the girls were older than you when your mom passed. They have more trouble being in this house.† â€Å"I know.† Rebecca hadn’t been home once since she got married, though she did have a good excuse. Plane tickets from Hawaii were pretty pricey. Washington State was close enough that Rachel didn’t have the same defense. She’d taken classes straight through the summer semesters, working double shifts over the holidays at some cafe on campus. If it hadn’t been for Paul, she probably would have taken off again real quick. Maybe that was why Billy wouldn’t kick him out. â€Å"Well, I’m going to go work on some stuff___†I started for the back door. â€Å"Wait up, Jake. Aren’t you going to tell me what happened? Do I have to call Sam for an update?† I stood with my back to him, hiding my face. â€Å"Nothing happened. Sam’s giving them a bye. Guess we’re all just a bunch of leech lovers now.† â€Å"Jake†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I don’t want to talk about it.† â€Å"Are you leaving, son?† The room was quiet for a long time while I decided how to say it. â€Å"Rachel can have her room back. I know she hates that air mattress.† â€Å"She’d rather sleep on the floor than lose you. So would I.† I snorted. â€Å"Jacob, please. If you need†¦ a break. Well, take it. But not so long again. Come back.† â€Å"Maybe. Maybe my gig will be weddings. Make a cameo at Sam’s, then Rachel’s. Jared and Kim might come first, though. Probably ought to have a suit or something.† â€Å"Jake, look at me.† I turned around slowly. â€Å"What?† He stared into my eyes for a long minute. â€Å"Where are you going?† â€Å"I don’t really have a specific place in mind.† He cocked his head to the side, and his eyes narrowed. â€Å"Don’t you?† We stared each other down. The seconds ticked by. â€Å"Jacob,† he said. His voice was strained. â€Å"Jacob, don’t. It’s not worth it.† â€Å"I don’t know what you’re talking about.† â€Å"Leave Bella and the Cullens be. Sam is right.† I stared at him for a second, and then I crossed the room in two long strides, i grabbed the phone and disconnected the cable from the box and the jack. I wadded the gray cord up in the palm of my hand. â€Å"Bye, Dad.† â€Å"Jake, wait – ,’7he called after me, but I was out the door, running. The motorcycle wasn’t as fast as running, but it was more discreet. I wondered how long it would take Billy to wheel himself down to the store and then get someone on the phone who could get a message to Sam. I’d bet Sam was still in his wolf form. The problem would be if Paul came back to our place anytime soon. He could phase in a second and let Sam know what I was doing†¦. I wasn’t going to worry about it. I would go as fast as I could, and if they caught me, I’d deal with that when I had to. I kicked the bike to life and then I was racing down the muddy lane. I didn’t look behind me as I passed the house. The highway was busy with tourist traffic; I wove in and out of the cars, earning a bunch of honks and a few fingers. I took the turn onto the 101 at seventy, not bothering to look. I had to ride the line for a minute to avoid getting smeared by a minivan. Not that it would have killed me, but it would have slowed me down. Broken bones – the big ones, at least – took days to heal completely, as I had good cause to know. The freeway cleared up a little, and I pushed the bike to eighty. I didn’t touch the brake until I was close to the narrow drive; I figured I was in the clear then. Sam wouldn’t come this far to stop me. It was too late. It wasn’t until that moment – when I was sure that I’d made it – that I started to think about what exactly I was going to do now. I slowed down to twenty, taking the twists through the trees more carefully than I needed to. I knew they would hear me coming, bike or no bike, so surprise was out. There was no way to disguise my intentions. Edward would hear my plan as soon as I was close enough. Maybe he already could. But I thought this would still work out, because I had his ego on my side. He’d want to fight me alone. So I’d just walk in, see Sam’s precious evidence for myself, and then challenge Edward to a duel. I snorted. The parasite’d probably get a kick out of the theatrics of it. When I finished with him, I’d take as many of the rest of them as I could before they got me. Huh – I wondered if Sam would consider my death provocation. Probably say I got what I deserved. Wouldn’t want to offend his bloodsucker BFFs. The drive opened up into the meadow, and the smell hit me like a rotten tomato to the face. Ugh. Reeking vampires. My stomach started churning. The stench would be hard to take this way – undiluted by the scent of humans as it had been the other time I’d come here – though not as bad as smelling it through my wolf nose. I wasn’t sure what to expect, but there was no sign of life around the big white crypt. Of course they knew I was here. I cut the engine and listened to the quiet. Now I could hear tense, angry murmurs from just the other side of the wide double doors. Someone was home. I heard my name and I smiled, happy to think I was causing them a little stress. I took one big gulp of air – it would only be worse inside – and leaped up the porch stairs in one bound. The door opened before my fist touched it, and the doctor stood in the frame, his eyes grave. â€Å"Hello, Jacob,† he said, calmer than I would have expected. â€Å"How are you?† I took a deep breath through my mouth. The reek pouring through the door was overpowering. I was disappointed that it was Carlisle who answered. I’d rather Edward had come through the door, fangs out. Carlisle was so†¦ just human or something. Maybe it was the house calls he made last spring when I got busted up. But it made me uncomfortable to look into his face and know that I was planning to kill him if I could. â€Å"I heard Bella made it back alive,† I said. â€Å"Er, Jacob, it’s not really the best time.† The doctor seemed uncomfortable, too, but not in the way I expected. â€Å"Could we do this later?† I stared at him, dumbfounded. Was he asking to post-pone the death match for a more convenient time? And then I heard Bella’s voice, cracked and rough, and I couldn’t think about anything else. â€Å"Why not?† she asked someone. â€Å"Are we keeping secrets from Jacob, too? What’s the point?† Her voice was not what I was expecting. I tried to remember the voices of the young vampires we’d fought in the spring, but all I’d registered was snarling. Maybe those newborns hadn’t had the piercing, ringing sound of the older ones, either. Maybe all new vampires sounded hoarse. â€Å"Come in, please, Jacob,† Bella croaked more loudly. Carlisle’s eyes tightened. I wondered if Bella was thirsty. My eyes narrowed, too. â€Å"Excuse me,† I said to the doctor as I stepped around him. It was hard – it went against all my instincts to turn my back to one of them. Not impossible, though. If there was such a thing as a safe vampire, it was the strangely gentle leader. I would stay away from Carlisle when the fight started. There were enough of them to kill without includinghim. I sidestepped into the house, keeping my back to the wall. My eyes swept the room – it was unfamiliar. The last time I’d been in here it had been all done up for a party. Everything was bright and pale now. Including the six vampires standing in a group by the white sofa. They were all here, all together, but that was not what froze me where I stood and had my jaw dropping to thefloor. Itwas Edward. It was the expression on his face. I’d seen him angry, and I’d seen him arrogant, and onceI’d seen him in pain. But this – this was beyond agony. His eyes were half-crazed. He didn’t look up to glare at me. He stared down at the couch beside him with an expression like someone had lit him on fire. His hands were rigid claws at his side. I couldn’t even enjoy his anguish. I could only think of one thing that would make him look like that, and my eyes followed his. I saw her at the same moment that I caught her scent. Her warm, clean, human scent. Bella was half-hidden behind the arm of the sofa, curled up in a loose fetal position, her arms wrapped around her knees. For a long second I could see nothing except that she was still the Bella that I loved, her skin still a soft, pale peach, her eyes still the same chocolate brown. My heart thudded a strange, broken meter, and I wondered if this was just some lying dream that I was about to wake up from. Then I really saw her. There were deep circles under her eyes, dark circles that jumped out because her face was all haggard. Was she thinner? Her skin seemed tight – like her cheekbones might break right through it. Most of her dark hair was pulled away from her face into a messy knot, but a few strands stuck limply to her forehead and neck, to the sheen of sweat that covered her skin. There was something about her fingers and wrists that looked so fragile it was scary. She was sick. Very sick. Not a lie. The story Charlie’d told Billy was not a story. While I stared, eyes bugging, her skin turned light green. The blond bloodsucker – the showy one, Rosalie – bent over her, cutting into my view, hovering in a strange, protective way. This was wrong. I knew how Bella felt about almost everything – her thoughts were so obvious; sometimes it was like they were printed on her forehead. So she didn’t have to tell me every detail of a situation for me to get it. I knew that Bella didn’t like Rosalie. I’d seen it in the set of her lips when she talked about her. Not just that she didn’t like her. She was afraid of Rosalie. Or she had been. There was no fear as Bella glanced up at her now. Her expression was†¦ apologetic or something. Then Rosalie snatched a basin from the floor and held it under Bella’s chin just in time for Bella to throw up noisily into it. Edward fell to his knees by Bella’s side – his eyes all tortured-looking – and Rosalie held out her hand, warning him to keep back. None of it made sense. When she could raise her head, Bella smiled weakly at me, sort of embarrassed. â€Å"Sorry about that,† she whispered to me. Edward moaned real quiet. His head slumped against Bella’s knees. She put one of her hands against his cheek. Like she was comforting him. I didn’t realize my legs had carried me forward until Rosalie hissed at me, suddenly appearing between me and the couch. She was like a person on a TV screen. I didn’t care she was there. She didn’t seem real. â€Å"Rose, don’t,† Bella whispered. â€Å"It’s fine.† Blondie moved out of my way, though I could tell she hated to do it. Scowling at me, she crouched by Bella’s head, tensed to spring. She was easier to ignore than I ever would have dreamed. â€Å"Bella, what’s wrong?† I whispered. Without thinking about it, I found myself on my knees, too, leaning over the back of the couch across from her†¦ husband. He didn’t seem to notice me, and I barely glanced at him. I reached out for her free hand, taking it in both of mine. Her skin was icy. â€Å"Are you all right?† It was a stupid question. She didn’t answer it. â€Å"I’m so glad you came to see me today, Jacob,† she said. Even though I knew Edward couldn’t hear her thoughts, he seemed to hear some meaning I didn’t. He moaned again, into the blanket that covered her, and she stroked his cheek. â€Å"What is it, Bella?† I insisted, wrapping my hands tight around her cold, fragile fingers. Instead of answering, she glanced around the room like she was searching for something, both a plea and a warning in her look. Six pairs of anxious yellow eyes stared back at her. Finally, she turned to Rosalie. â€Å"Help me up, Rose?† she asked. Rosalie’s lips pulled back over her teeth, and she glared up at me like she wanted to rip my throat out. I was sure that was exactly the case. â€Å"Please, Rose.† The blonde made a face, but leaned over her again, next to Edward, who didn’t move an inch. She put her arm carefully behind Bella’s shoulders. â€Å"No,† I whispered. â€Å"Don’t get up___† She looked so weak. â€Å"I’m answering your question,† she snapped, sounding a little bit more like the way she usually talked to me. Rosalie pulled Bella off the couch. Edward stayed where he was, sagging forward till his face was buried in the cushions. The blanket fell to the ground at Bella’s feet. Bella:s body was swollen, her torso ballooning out in a strange, sick way. It strained against the faded gray sweatshirt that was way too big for her shoulders and arms. The rest of her seemed thinner, like the big bulge had grown out of what it had sucked from her. It took me a second to realize what the deformed part was – I didn’t understand until she folded her hands tenderly around her bloated stomach, one above and one below. Like she was cradling it. I saw it then, but I still couldn’t believe it. I’d seen her just a month ago. There was no way she could be pregnant. Not that pregnant. Except that she was. I didn’t want to see this, didn’t want to think about this. I didn’t want to imagine him inside her. I didn’t want to know that something I hated so much had taken root in the body I loved. My stomach heaved, and I had to swallow back vomit. But it was worse than that, so much worse. Her distorted body, the bones jabbing against the skin of her face. I could only guess that she looked like this – so pregnant, so sick – because whatever was inside her was taking her life to feed its own†¦. Because it was a monster. Just like its father. I always knew he would kill her. His head snapped up as he heard the words inside mine. One second we were both on our knees, and then he was on his feet, towering over me. His eyes were flat black, the circles under them dark purple. â€Å"Outside, Jacob,† he snarled. I was on my feet, too. Looking down on him now. This was why I was here. â€Å"Let’s do this,† I agreed. The big one, Emmett, pushed forward on Edward’s other side, with the hungry-looking one, Jasper, right behind him. I really didn’t care. Maybe my pack would clean up the scraps when they finished me off. Maybe not. It didn’t matter. For the tiniest part of a second my eyes touched on the two standing in the back. Esme. Alice. Small and distractingly feminine. Well, I was sure the others would kill me before I had to do anything about them. I didn’t want to kill girls†¦ even vampire girls. Though I might make an exception for that blonde. â€Å"No,† Bella gasped, and she stumbled forward, out of balance, to clutch at Edward’s arm. Rosalie moved with her, like there was a chain locking them to each other. â€Å"I just need to talk to him, Bella,† Edward said in a low voice, talking only to her. He reached up to touch her face, to stroke it. This made the room turn red, made me see fire – that, after all he’d done to her, he was still allowed to touch her that way. â€Å"Don’t strain yourself,† he went on, pleading. â€Å"Please rest. We’ll both be back in just a few minutes.† She stared at his face, reading it carefully. Then she nodded and drooped toward the couch. Rosalie helped lower her back onto the cushions. Bella stared at me, trying to hold my eyes. â€Å"Behave,† she insisted. â€Å"And then come back.† I didn’t answer. I wasn’t making any promises today. I looked away and then followed Edward out the front door. A random, disjointed voice in my head noted that separating him from the coven hadn’t been so difficult, had it? He kept walking, never checking to see if I was about to spring at his unprotected back. I supposed he didn’t need to check. He would know when I decided to attack. Which meant I’d have to make that decision very quickly. Tm not ready for you to kill me yet, Jacob Black,† he whispered as he paced quickly away from the house. â€Å"You’ll have to have a little patience.† Like I cared about his schedule. I growled under my breath. â€Å"Patience isn’t my specialty.† He kept walking, maybe a couple hundred yards down the drive away from the house, with me right on his heels. I was all hot, my fingers trembling. On the edge, ready and waiting. He stopped without warning and pivoted to face me. His expression froze me again. For a second I was just a kid – a kid who had lived all of his life in the same tiny town. Just a child. Because I knew I would have to live a lot more, suffer a lot more, to ever understand the searing agony in Edward’s eyes. He raised a hand as if to wipe sweat from his forehead, but his fingers scraped against his face like they were going to rip his granite skin right off. His black eyes burned in their sockets, out of focus, or seeing things that weren’t there. His mouth opened like he was going to scream, but nothing came out. This was the face a man would have if he were burning at the stake. For a moment I couldn’t speak. It was too real, this face – I’d seen a shadow of it in the house, seen it in her eyes and his, but this made it final. The last nail in her coffin. â€Å"It’s killing her, right? She’s dying.† And I knew when I said it that my face was a watered-down echo of his. Weaker, different, because I was still in shock. I hadn’t wrapped my head around it yet – it was happening too fast. He’d had time to get to this point. And it was different because I’d already lost her so many times, so many ways, in my head. And different because she was never really mine to lose. And different because this wasn’t my fault. â€Å"My fault,† Edward whispered, and his knees gave out. He crumpled in front of me, vulnerable, the easiest target you could imagine. But I felt cold as snow – there was no fire in me. â€Å"Yes,† he groaned into the dirt, like he was confessing to the ground. â€Å"Yes, it’s killing her.† His broken helplessness irritated me. I wanted a fight, not an execution. Where was his smug superiority now? â€Å"So why hasn’t Carlisle done anything?† I growled. â€Å"He’s a doctor, right? Get it out of her.† He looked up then and answered me in a tired voice. Like he was explaining this to a kindergartener for the tenth time. â€Å"She won’t let us.† It took a minute for the words to sink in. Jeez, she was running true to form. Of course, die for the monster spawn. It was so Bella. â€Å"You know her well,† he whispered. â€Å"How quickly you see†¦. I didn’t see. Not in time. She wouldn’t talk to me on the way home, not really. I thought she was frightened – that would be natural. I thought she was angry with me for putting her through this, for endangering her life. Again. I never imagined what she was really thinking, what she was resolving. Not until my family met us at the airport and she ran right into Rosalie’s arms. Rosalie’s! And then I heard what Rosalie was thinking. I didn’t understand until I heard that. Yet you understand after one second. . . .† He half-sighed, half-groaned. â€Å"Just back up a second. She won’t let you.† The sarcasm was acid on my tongue. â€Å"Did you ever notice that she’s exactly as strong as a normal hundred-and-ten-pound human girl? How stupid are you vamps? Hold her down and knock her out with drugs.† â€Å"I wanted to,† he whispered. â€Å"Carlisle would have___† What, too noble were they? â€Å"No. Not noble. Her bodyguard complicated things.† Oh. His story hadn’t made much sense before, but it fit together now. So that’s what Blondie was up to. What was in it for her, though? Did the beauty queen want Bella to die so bad? â€Å"Maybe,† he said. â€Å"Rosalie doesn’t look at it quite that way.† â€Å"So take the blonde out first. Your kind can be put back together, right? Turn her into a jigsaw and take care of Bella.† â€Å"Emmett and Esme are backing her up. Emmett would never let us†¦ and Carlisle won’t help me with Esme against it___† He trailed off, his voice disappearing. â€Å"You should have left Bella with me.† â€Å"Yes.† It was a bit late for that, though. Maybe he should have thought about all this before he knocked her up with the life-sucking monster. He stared up at me from inside his own personal hell, and I could see that he agreed with me. â€Å"We didn’t know,† he said, the words as quiet as a breath. â€Å"I never dreamed. There’s never been anything like Bella and I before. How could we know that a human was able conceive a child with one of us – â€Å" â€Å"When the human should get ripped to shreds in the process?† â€Å"Yes,† he agreed in a tense whisper. â€Å"They’re out there, the sadistic ones, the incubus, the succubus. They exist. But the seduction is merely a prelude to the feast. No one survives† He shook his head like the idea revolted him. Like he was any different. â€Å"I didn’t realize they had a special name for what you are,† I spit. He stared up at me with a face that looked a thousand years old. â€Å"Even you, Jacob Black, cannot hate me as much as I hate myself.’7 Wrong,I thought, too enraged to speak. â€Å"Killing me now doesn’t save her,† he said quietly. â€Å"So what does?† â€Å"Jacob, you have to do something for me.† â€Å"The hell I do, parasite!† He kept staring at me with those half-tired, half-crazy eyes. â€Å"For her?† I clenched my teeth together hard. â€Å"I did everything I could to keep her away from you. Every single thing. It’s too late.† â€Å"You know her, Jacob. You connect to her on a level that I don’t even understand. You are part of her, and she is part of you. She won’t listen to me, because she thinks I’m underestimating her. She thinks she’s strong enough for this___† He choked and then swallowed. â€Å"She might listen to you.† â€Å"Why would she?† He lurched to his feet, his eyes burning brighter than before, wilder. I wondered if he was really going crazy. Could vampires lose their minds? â€Å"Maybe,† he answered my thought. â€Å"I don’t know. It feels like it.† He shook his head. â€Å"I have to try to hide this in front of her, because stress makes her more ill. She can’t keep anything down as it is. I have to be composed; I can’t make it harder. But that doesn’t matter now. She has to listen to you!† â€Å"I can’t tell her anything you haven’t. What do you want me to do? Tell her she’s stupid? She probably already knows that. Tell her she’s going to die? I bet she knows that, too.† â€Å"You can offer her what she wants.† He wasn’t making any sense. Part of the crazy? â€Å"I don’t care about anything but keeping her alive,† he said, suddenly focused now. â€Å"If it’s a child she wants, she can have it. She can have half a dozen babies. Anything she wants.† He paused for one beat. â€Å"She can have puppies, if that’s what it takes.† He met my stare for a moment and his face was frenzied under the thin layer of control. My hard scowl crumbled as I processed his words, and I felt my mouth pop open in shock. â€Å"But not this way!† he hissed before I could recover. â€Å"Not this thing that’s sucking the life from her while I stand there helpless! Watching her sicken and waste away. Seeing it hurting her.† He sucked in a fast breath like someone had punched him in the gut. â€Å"You have to make her see reason, Jacob. She won’t listen to me anymore. Rosalie’s always there, feeding her insanity – encouraging her. Protecting her. No, protecting it Bella’s life means nothing to her.† The noise coming from my throat sounded like I was choking. What was he saying? That Bella should, what? Have a baby? With me? What? How? Was he giving her up? Or did he think she wouldn’t mind being shared? â€Å"Whichever. Whatever keeps her alive.† â€Å"That’sthe craziest thing you’ve said yet,† I mumbled. â€Å"She loves you.† â€Å"Not enough.† â€Å"She’s ready to die to have a child. Maybe she’d accept something less extreme.† â€Å"Don’t you know her at all?† â€Å"I know, I know.It’s going to take a lot of convincing. That’s why I need you. You know how she thinks. Make hersee sense.† I couldn’t think about what he was suggesting. It was too much. Impossible. Wrong. Sick. Borrowing Bella for the weekends and then returning her Monday morning like a rental movie? So messed up. So tempting. I didn’t want to consider, didn’t want to imagine, but the images came anyway. I’d fantasized about Bella that way too many times, back when there was still a possibility of us, and then long after it was clear that the fantasies would only leave festering sores because there was no possibility, none at all. I hadn’t been able to help myself then. I couldn’t stop myself now. Bella in my arms, Bella sighing my name†¦ Worse still, this new image I’d never had before, one that by all rights shouldn’t have existed for me. Not yet. An image I knew I wouldn’t’ve suffered over for years if he hadn’t shoved it in my head now. But it stuck there, winding threads through my brain like a weed – poisonous and unkillable. Bella, healthy and glowing, so different than now, but something the same: her body, not distorted, changed in a more natural way. Round with my child. I tried to escape the venomous weed in my mind. â€Å"Make Bella see sense? What universe do you live in?† â€Å"At least try.† I shook my head fast. He waited, ignoring the negative answer because he could hear the conflict in my thoughts. â€Å"Where is this psycho crap coming from? Are you making this up as you go?† â€Å"I’ve been thinking of nothing but ways to save her since I realized what she was planning to do. What she would die to do. But I didn’t know how to contact you. I knew you wouldn’t listen if I called. I would have come to find you soon, if you hadn’t come today. But it’s hard to leave her, even for a few minutes. Her condition†¦ it changes so fast. The thing is†¦ growing. Swiftly. I can’t be away from her now.† â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"None of us have any idea. But it is stronger than she is. Already.† I could suddenly see it then – see the swelling monster in my head, breaking her from the inside out. â€Å"Help me stop it,† he whispered. â€Å"Help me stop this from happening.† â€Å"How?By offering my stud services?† He didn’t even flinch when I said that, but I did. â€Å"You’re really sick. She’ll never listen to this.† â€Å"Try. There’s nothing to lose now. How will it hurt?† It would hurt me. Hadn’t I taken enough rejection from Bella without this? â€Å"A little pain to save her? Is it such a high cost?† â€Å"But it won’t work.† â€Å"Maybe not. Maybe it will confuse her, though. Maybe she’ll falter in her resolve. One moment of doubt is all I need.† â€Å"And then you pull the rug out from under the offer? ‘Just kidding, Bella’?† â€Å"If she wants a child, that’s what she gets. I won’t rescind.† I couldn’t believe I was even thinking about this. Bella would punch me – not that I cared about that, but it would probably break her hand again. I shouldn’t let him talk to me, mess with my head. I should just kill him now. â€Å"Not now,† he whispered. â€Å"Not yet. Right or wrong, it would destroy her, and you know it. No need to be hasty. If she won’t listen to you, you’ll get your chance. The moment Bella’s heart stops beating, I will be begging for you to me.† â€Å"You won’t have to beg long.† The hint of a worn smile tugged at the corner of his mouth. â€Å"I’m very much counting on that.† â€Å"Then we have a deal.† He nodded and held out his cold stone hand. Swallowing my disgust, I reached out to take his hand. My fingers closed around the rock, and I shook it once. â€Å"We have a deal,† he agreed. How to cite The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 9. Sure As Hell Didn’t See That One Coming, Essay examples

Managing And Organizational Behaviour Transformational And Charismati

Question: Discuss about the Managing And Organizational Behaviour: Transformational And Charismatic Leadership. Answer: Introduction In any organization, there are work groups and teams. Further, in organizations managers are expected to get specific tasks done by different teams. While a manager is occupied primarily by planning, organizing and executing activities that lead to the production of goods, a leader is concerned more with inspiring, motivating and providing a vision to those under him (Stewart, 2010). Managers are expected to use their powers prudently and not engage in unnecessary politics in the organization. This report critically analyses the workgroups and teams, management and leadership, power and politics, and finally, conflict and negotiation. Work groups and teams In organizations group and teams are different. A group means that two or more than two people communicate with each other for share information to make decisions within the area of responsibility. And, the team refers that the joint efforts of all the people to achieve a particular task in the organization. It refers a small group of people in the organization with its particular area of skills who are work for a specific task. For example, a team of web designers in software company to make the website good. There are some differences in the work groups and teams in the organizations are explained below (Courtright et al., 2011). Category of the job: In most of the organizations today work group is define that the number of people who do highly specialize job with minimal training and few efforts. It can be the ten or more than ten people have a similar job description and work individually for end results. In teams, employees have a different set of skills that fit into the particular task to meet organizational goals. Reward system: Generally in organizations employees are rewarded individually on the basis of work performance, position, and nature of the job. In team-based organization employees are rewarded on the basis of team performance and their skill requires to achieve team performance goals (Griffin, 2012). Benefits of teams to organizations Due to the global and competitive environment in organizations, the different types of teams can achieve give important benefits that are explained below. Cross functional team: The same hierarchy level of employees working for different areas in the organization. The advantage of this team to the organization is that it enhances the creativity and problem-solving skills due to team composition. Employees of cross-functional teams come with a different experience, knowledge and skills. Large and small-medium size organizations have used cross-functional teams. In cross-functional teams work is done in the particular area of functionality. There are few disadvantages of this team, like the chances of increase conflicts among team members due to the diversity of experience, skills and knowledge and sometimes affects the relationship of the team members due to ego and self-respect issues. Effective Teams: One of the writers said that the organizations are best and systematic is when there is a member of one group is associated with two groups. In one group he/she should be the boss and in another group he/she should be the subordinate of the group. This concept helps the organization to get their work is done better. Effective teams help team members to work more efficiently together rather than individually (Bratton, 2015). High-performance team: It is same as an effective team above but there are some exceptional factors that distinct the team that is strong commitments to each other in the team towards group values and goals. It facilitates fast learning due to good interpersonal relationships of the employees. So these are the basic qualities of the team. Important Issue in managing teams Quality management and teams: Nowadays in organizations the issue of quality management has increased. To improve the quality of the process, management encourages employees to share their views and ideas so that they act on their ideas and suggestions. For e.g. one of the famous refrigeration company made cross-functional teams to deal with the quality issues. All the people are self-responsible according to their functionality .like one employee takes care of production function another deal with supplier issues etc. that improves communication at all levels and increase the productivity of the company (Ford and Hodgkinson, 2012). Management and Leadership Leadership and management are the important aspects of any organization. Managers need to manage the complexity of work, increase competition, change in technology and rising demands of consumers etc. These all are the challenges need to face by the manager in the organization and overcome by different methods. Leadership is an art of influencing people or groups towards the completion of their organizational goals (Fairholm, 2011). There are some economic benefits to the organizations to follow good leadership and management. 1) Leadership style: It is very important part plays in an organization to develop stronger and more trustful relations with employees .Effective leadership styles help organizations to improve relations between team members and achieve more productivity that leads to success. Different types of Goleman leadership styles followed in most of the organizations like Autocratic, democratic, commanding, visionary, pacesetting and coaching styles. It can be seen that democratic leadership style is more popular in organizations in to ensure growth and long-term success (Green and Esther, 2015). Figure 1: Management style in organizations (Source: Green and Esther, 2015) From the above-given figure, it shows that the management mostly follows the two styles in organizations i.e democratic and autocratic style. In democratic style leadership, the decision is taken on the basis of suggestions of all the employees collectively rather than manager individually. The benefit of this style is to employees has much freedom to express their views, that increase creativity, productivity and efficiency of employees. Similarly, Autocratic leadership refers that the all the authority under the boss hands and employees or workers have to perform the task without changing any of his/her instructions. This style has some of the disadvantages like it decrease in motivation in employees that affects the productivity of the work in organizations. And employees are not participative in taking decisions so they are like only machines. It means that their capabilities and efficiencies have diminished by the time. Most of the organizations like factories and cloth manufact uring units,management follow the autocratic style of leadership (Vaccaro et al., 2012) 2) Improved Business performance: Organizations hires high qualified managers that lead to the more innovations in organizations that result in introducing of new strategies which improve the quality of products and services of business that affects the performance of the organization. Most of the organizations invested in leadership and management development programs to achieve its operational objectives. The latest survey reveals that the high-performance organizations consider three factors i.e. top management is committed to leadership and management development, HR policies that support to management and leadership development such as performance management, leadership career planning etc. and balance between the organizational strategies and HR strategies. So these important factors are responsible for organizational performance (Skillsforcare, 2016). Consequences of poor leadership and management: Most of the organizations revenue is affected due to poor leadership and management and it ultimately leads to business failure. There are two important consequences below are: a) Costs: It has been find that the recent survey of organizations in the UK that the lack of performance of managers impacts the costing of 19 billion yearly in weekly working hours. As per the study of 2000 workers, it has been revealed that the three fourth of the workers wastes their two hours in a working week due to inefficient managers (BIS, 2012). Failure of ineffective management and leadership policy costs heavily to organizations. b) Survival: In a recent survey of the management of company directors in the UK reveals that the 56 percent of organizational failures due to incompetence and mismanagement of the company (BIS, 2012). No business can survive if it is poorly managed. The good employees lay off due to poor management and leadership. Power and politics In any organization certain operations are done to achieve the enterprise goals. To get things done in an organization, the employees in the hierarchy are given certain powers. There have to be certain individuals in charge who control people and resources in the enterprise. Power is the ability to get things done through others (King and Lawley, 2016). The powers that the managers enjoy in an organization are of different types. An employee might yield formal power which could be coercive power. In other words the employee can threaten to demote, lay off or keep out of important projects the junior employees who do not perform well or break the rules of the company. Further the manager has the authority to reward employees who do good work. This gives the manager the ability to make the subordinates behave as the individual wants. The position that a person occupies in the hierarchy of the organization gives the person what is called the legitimate power. But the manager should know how to use the power given to the individual in a wise manner. Managers in modern organizations are also expected to have leadership qualities. The role of a leader also involves inspiring and motivating employees. They are also expected to be innovative (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). A leader would not make excessive use of power to get things done but would try to influence the behavior of subordinates by setting up a personal example before them. Further the leader would use the method of reasoning by using facts and data to convince juniors. The leader would try to be friendly with the team members and win their trust and support (Stewart 2010) . The individual would also try to get the support of the senior management and use this to influence the mindset of subordinates. A manager should make a judicious mix of use of the individuals authority or power and the ability to influence others through the above discussed techniques. The manager in an organization also enjoys what is called personal power. This kind of power can be expert power or referent power (Yourarticlelibrary.com, 2016). If the manager has developed some expertise in an area of work of the organization, this gives the person to make others follow the individuals advice and directions. Moreover, a manager would have referent power if the person is able to win the trust and respect of those under the individual by behaving in a particular way. In any organization, power is distributed among senior employees so that they can use it to get the organizational tasks done (King and Lawley, 2016). But sometimes there are people in the enterprise who want to gain as much power as they can so that they can use it to achieve their personal goals and interests rather than concentrate on getting the organizations work done. This kind of organizational politics has many adverse effects for the organization. There are people who are hungry for power. They get corrupted by power. These people want undue attention and appreciation of their seniors. They show manipulative behavior. They do not care that their pursuit of power affects other employees adversely. If there is excessive politics in an organization it could lead to dissent among other employees (Gadot and Talmud, 2010). Such politics would lead to decreased job satisfaction, increased stress, lower performance and also higher employee turnover in an organization. If there is greater politics in an organization, it would also lead to formation of more interest groups within the enterprise. This would lead to obstacles in the path of smooth functioning of the organization. More differences would be created among the employees and the organizational culture would get contaminated (Muondo and Perkins, 2013). There are leaders who use power to bring change that leads to growth of the organization. They use their power to reward those who have worked hard for the organization. Such people know how to use power responsibly. They realize that power has come to them after years of hard work. They use it to put their plans for organizational development into action rather than pursue selfish personal goals. Conflict and negotiation The modern organizations have become bigger and employ thousands of people. Individuals from different backgrounds and places come to work in an enterprise. They come from different families with distinct cultures and have been educated in different educational institutions. All these factors play an important role in shaping their personalities. Their personal interests and aspirations would also differ in certain cases. When these people work in an organization it is natural that they have diverse opinions and perceptions on certain work related issues. This leads to a situation of disagreement among them leading to stress and tension. The situation can become violent in certain extreme cases. This is known as a conflict (French et al., 2011). Mostly the conflict between employees in an organization is harmful as it leads to waste of energy and time of the employees. The work of the organization in certain cases would come to a halt in the department or section where there are arguments and discord among the employees. Conflict leads to bitterness among employees who are expected to work as a team and coordinate with one another for the achievement of enterprise goals. But there is also a positive side to organizational conflict. It brings to the notice of the management the problems the employees were facing but which did not come to the surface. These problems were adversely affecting the organizational work but management was not aware of them. Moreover as a conflict erupted the employees expressed their inner feelings about a work issue. This also helped them to release their tensions. Now the management has an opportunity to resolve the conflict and find a solution to the underlying problem hurting the organization. In an organization there are different formal or informal groups. There can be conflict between them over the sharing of organizational resources (Muondo and Perkins, 2013). For example the production department wants more funds for research and development of new products. On the other hand the marketing department also demands more funds to be spent on advertising the companys products. The organization has limited resources. The officials in each of the two departments would try to convince the management that their needs are more important for the organization. The two departments are competing for funds. In this process they might try to create an impression that their department is more efficient and the other department has been wasting resources. This creates animosity and a situation of conflict among the two departments. In any organization production and marketing department need to coordinate and cooperate with one another (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). This situation o f conflict would harm the organizations interests. One of the most important methods for resolving a conflict is negotiation among the conflicting groups (French et al., 2011). These negotiations can commence at the initiative of one of the two parties in conflict or due to the role of a third party. In order to resolve the conflict through negotiation, the parties to the conflict should try to understand the interests of each of them in the concerned issue. There is need for communication among the parties. There could be a situation where one of the groups is more powerful and influential and is not willing to make the first move. In such a case the other party should take the initiative and contact the other group. There is the need for both the groups to control their tempers and be patient. There could be a situation where one of the groups might resort to pressure tactics. There are better chances of a negotiation leading to a mutually acceptable solution if both the parties try to use their skills to find different possible alternative solutions to the problem (French et al. , 2011). This would create better chance for finding a course of action that would create a win win situation for both parties. This would also help to normalize the relations between the two groups later. In certain cases a third party mediator who enjoys the trust and confidence of all the groups could be asked to help find a solution. Moreover certain past cases of similar conflicts and their resolution could be referred to find a mutually agreeable solution. Conclusion In any large business organization, there are many teams of employees. Each team is formed to get some work done. If all teams perform well; the organizational goals are met. Team leaders are appointed to guide and support the members of the teams. Most organizations encourage participative leadership nowadays where the employees have some freedom to express their views on how things are being done in the organization. If too much power is concentrated in the hands of a few people it can also corrupt them. There is need for accountability along with power. A business organization should carry out its operations professionally without too much politics. References Avolio, B. and Yammarino, F. (2013) Transformational And Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead.2nd (edn.). United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. BIS (2012) Leadership and Management in the UK - The key to sustainable growth. [Online].Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32327/12-923-leadership-management-key-to-sustainable-growth-evidence.pdf (Accessed: 26 July 2016). Bratton, J. (2015) Introduction to Work and Organizational Behaviour. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Courtright, S.H.,Wang G. and Seibert S. E. (2011) Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological and Team Empowerment in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Review, Journal of Applied Psychology 2011,6 (96), pp. 981-1003,[Online].Available at: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/apl-96-5-981.pdf (Accessed: 25 July 2016). Fairholm, W. G. (2011) Real Leadership: How Spiritual Values Give Leadership Meaning. USA: ABC-CLIO. Ford K. J. and Hodgkinson P. G. (2012) International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. USA: John Wiley Sons. French, R. , Rayner, C., Rees, G. and Rumbles, S. (2011) Organizational Behaviour. 2nd (edn.) United Kingdom: John Wiley And Sons Ltd. Gadot, E. and Talmud, I. (2010) Organizational Politics And Job Outcomes: The Moderating Effect Of Trust And Social Support, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(11), pp. 2829-2861, [online]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00683.x/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=falsedeniedAccessCustomisedMessage= (Accessed: 25 July 2016). Green and Esther (2015) Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Griffin, W. R. (2012) Management, USA: Cengage Learning. King, D. and Lawley, S. (2016) Organizational Behaviour. 2nd (edn.) United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Muondo, A. and Perkins, S. (2013) Organizational Behaviour. United Kingdom: Kogan Page. Skillsforcare (2016) Leadership and management.[Online]. Available at: https://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Leadership-management/Leadership-and-management.aspx (Accesed: 26 July 2016). Smallbusiness.chron.com (2016) Conflict Between Marketing And Production Departments. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/conflict-between-marketing-production-departments-67774.html (Accessed: 26 July 2016). Stewart, N. (2010) Leadership (A Reflection). United States Of America: Trafford Publishing. Vaccaro, G. I.,Jansen, J. P. J., Bosh, D.V. and Volberda, W. H. (2012) Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size, Journal of Management Studies,49 (1),pp. 28-45. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/HW_Volberda/publication/228197551_Management_Innovation_and_Leadership_The_Moderating_Role_of_Organizational_Size/links/55ad01de08ae481aa7ff9725.pdf (Accessed by: 26 July 2016). Yourarticlelibrary.com (2016). Important types of Power in Leadership. Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/business-management/6-important-types-of-power-in-leadership/2560/ (Accessed: 26 July 2016).